In this work, in order to increase the capacity of a recurrent neural network, we present a model for extracting common features and sharing them across data. As a result of using this model, extracted principle components of data will be invariant to unwanted variations. The recurrent connection of the network removes the noise using a continuous attractor formed during the training phase. The defined speaker codes will be transformed to the information need for switching the continuous attractor in the input space. As a result, speaker variations can be compensated and the recognition will performed when a clean signal is available. We compared the performance of this method with a reference network described in the paper. The results show that the proposed model is more useful in removing noise and unwanted variations.We compared the performance of this method with the reference network. The results show that the proposed model performs better in removing noise and unwanted variations, it increased the phoneme recognition accuracy about 5% when the signal to noise ratio is 0 dB.

In Western civilization, the genre of the novel has turned towards mythologism, which was previously often negated and concealed due to the ideological functions of myths. Even in its early stages, the return of myth to Western novels signifies an undeniable aspect. In this process of transformation and grand narrative, fundamental backgrounds and stirrings that have significantly influenced the intellectual transformation of Western civilization and served as the triggers for ancient myths and constructs are observed within the realm of the novel. Firstly, there is a clash between the essential nature and the negation of myths. Secondly, there is the distortion of narrating events and the attainment of self-centered perceptions. Thirdly, there is the inclination towards divinity over identity rupture and accepting resulting transformations. Fourthly, there is the pursuit of justice by opposing movements (such as feminist totality and radicalism) and efforts to reform the intellectual infrastructure of Western societies. Fifthly, there is the reconstruction of ancient myths and the retrieval of constructs. The sixth stirring involves abstract references combined with tangible perceptions. These hermeneutic stirrings unveil the Western response to contemporary historical realities. Along this path, adherence to self-reflexivity and the expressive role of ancient myths is also felt.

Introduction: The expected values of hematologic and serum biochemical parameters in domestic animal species can be affected by breed, age, environment, and nutrition. Established breed-specific reference intervals (RI) are an important tool for monitoring the health of sheep. There is a lack of published data on biochemical RI for Sngsari sheep. Thus, the aims of this study were to establish RI for select of serum biochemical parameters for Sangsari sheep by reference Value Advisor (RVA) method and provide information on the studied parameters for both sex of this breed in order to form a basis for clinical interpretation. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy Sangsari sheep including 26 ewes and 34 rams (2– 4 years old) were chosen from the breeding station of Sangsari sheep among 150 sheep in Damghan, Semnan, Iran. The type of feeding, all the animals had free access to water and to good-quality alfalfa hay (90. 0 % DM, 15. 8 CP % DM, 50. 4NDF%DM, 31. 6ADF%DM, 5. 8 lignin% DM, and 2. 2 EE % DM). Concentrate (23 % oats, 36 % corn, 38 % barley, and 3%mineral and vitamin supplements) was provided once daily (200 g per animal per day). In the sampling day, breeder signed a subscription form and completed a primary questionnaire consisting of specific questions about past and current health status, sexual status, medications used, and familial and reproductive medical history. Complete physical examinations were performed by the same experienced veterinarian on each sheep. In order to reduce stress, blood samples were taken in the station with minimal changes in the usual schedule of the sheep. Blood samples (taken from the jugular vein) were collected in simple tubes in order to separate the serum (centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min) for biochemical analysis. Samples transported at +4 ° C to the laboratory department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan, Iran. Biochemical parameters were measured by a autoanalyzer. These parameters included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyletransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb). For statistical analysis, data were analyzed by reference Value Advisor and outliers were deleted if detected according to Tukey or Dixon. RIs, according to sample size, were determined using a robust method and following Box-Cox transformation of data. The data were normally distributed, and differences between sexes in biochemical parameters were analyzed using independent sample T test. A value of P<0. 05 was considered as significant. Results and Discussion: The RI of biochemical parameters obtained from adult healthy Sangsari sheep includes the following: ALP 49. 24-564. 84 u/l; GGT 24. 14-62. 23 u/l; AST 10. 86-338. 40 u/l; BUN 6. 91-26. 43 mg/dl; TP 5. 19-13. 95 gr/dl and Alb 0. 92-3. 63 gr/dl. Established RI of biochemical parameters for ewes and rams, respectively including: ALP 29. 98-702. 89 u/l; GGT 22. 41-54. 49 u/l; AST 1. 36-279. 89 u/l; BUN 5. 9526. 86 mg/dl; TP 5. 75-12. 83 gr/dl; Alb 0. 84-2. 77 gr/dl and ALP 106. 08-568. 55 u/l; GGT 20. 80-58. 30 u/l; AST 360. 12 u/l; BUN 8. 15-26. 04 mg/dl; TP 4. 66-15. 59 g/dl and Alb 0. 74-3. 77 g/dl. Interpretation of the biochemical results in different breeds of sheep, with regard to RI for each parameter, in conjunction with history, clinical findings and other paraclinical tests helps the clinician to reach a definitive diagnosis. A unique feature of Sangsari sheep is that they are highly adaptable with desert and mountain ranges with high tolerance of drought conditions. This breed is also relatively small size and light weight, and most studies have focused on genetic characteristics associated with this trait. In view of the characteristics mentioned above and considering the lack of reference range for biochemical parameters, it is necessary to determine reference intervals in Sangsari sheep. In order to establish a comprehensive reference interval in Sangsari sheep, a select biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study. Almost most of the established RI for biochemical parameters in this study differed from previously published RI, so that the lower and upper limits of RI of theses parameters (with the exception of BUN) were lower and higher than the values previously reported. Differences between obtained RI for the Sangsari sheep and previously reported RI for other breeds may be attributed to variations in hormonal influences, hydration status, dietary differences, or adaptations to a desert environment, age, breed, season of study and analytic method. Conclusion: The obtained data provided reference interval for biochemical parameters in Sangsari sheep for the first time. Present study demonstrates significant differences in most of the biochemical parameters. reference intervals determined in this study provide a baseline for interpreting biochemical results in Sangsari sheep, and contribute to optimization of the management of this species.

Background & Objective: In addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the hippocampus contains Astrocytes that play important roles in regulating ion flux currents, energy production, neurotransmitter release and memory. Learning needs some instrument for information storage and information maintenances mechanisms resemble to memory. The aim of this study was determination of spatial memory effect on the number of astrocytes in rat’s hippocampus.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, with usage of Morris Water Maze and reference memory technique, we used 10 male albino wistar rats. 5 rats were in control group and 5 rats in reference memory group. After histological preparation, the slides were stained with PTAH staining for showing the Astrocytes. Results: The findings of this study showed significant difference in astrocytes number in CA1, CA2 and CA3 area of hippocampus between control and reference memory group. The mean and SD of astrocytes in CA1, CA2 and CA3 of reference memory group were 118.57±25.29, 58.91±23.59 and 116.6±31.14, that they are more than control group with 49±17.29 in CA1, 48.8±25.21 in CA2 and 41.95±11.22 in CA3. Conclusion: We concluded that the number of astrocytes increased due to spatial learning (e.g. reference memory method).

From Whitehead's point of view, each human discipline, whether scientific, religious, moral, artistic, or philosophical, abstracts part of integrated reality and then sometimes erroneously equates it with the whole reality. This abstraction being taken for concrete reality is what Whitehead calls a Fallacy of misplaced concreteness. A fallacy which philosophy and new science suffered from it. Now, what is the function of philosophy? And what alternative does he introduce? This article, in view of these two questions, first analyzes the components of Whitehead's definition of metaphysics, such as experience as point of departure coherence, internal consistency, being necessary, attention to all experience, and so on. And then it was pointed to the Whitehead metaphysical method, which has similarities to the science method. Second addresses the main function of philosophy in Whitehead's view, which is "abstract criticism" or a critical examination of the boundary of the abstract from the integral. A prominent example of this criticism is about the fallacy of "simple location", which made the scientific materialism become the cosmological paradigm governing the minds of scientists of the new age. In the end, Whitehead's organismic attitude is introduced as an alternative to scientific materialism; and it is explained that instead of the scientific materialistic understanding of the world as if it is composed of independent material particles, Whitehead refers to the process based on the organism.  The world that consists of interconnected entities which are always experiencing or have been experienced.

Studying the progress of epistemology in Islamic philosophy shows that although the issues of epistemology have not been discussed separately and seriously and are usually implicitly discussed under the headings related to ontology, at the same time there are materials that It can be a solution to the problems in epistemology. In such an intellectual environment, the research problem is clearly how to show the epistemological approach in Ibn Sina's philosophy by investigating and extracting some epistemological issues through case studies. Of course, Ibn Sina's ontological views cast a shadow on his epistemological topics such as science, abstractions, imagination, etc.; But considering that the foundations of epistemology in Islamic philosophy are based on the three foundations of sense, reason, or intuition, we can refer to the epistemological system of Islamic philosophers in general, and Hikmat Masha in particular (mainly based on reason and reasoning) and Hikmat. Sinoy realized in particular (based on reason and reasoning with the element of intuition). The importance of the research problem is in the conditions that the history of philosophy is a connected whole, and showing this connection reveals various and sometimes invisible angles of the thinking of philosophers, especially Avicenna and his followers. In fact, based on the detailed analysis of Avicenna's epistemological issues, the current research unveils another Avicenna.